4A.++Political+Revolutions+in+the+U.S.+&+L.A.

** 1.Compare the U.S. and Latin American independence movements (reasons for similarities & differences). **

 * 2.Trace the causes and effects of the revolutions in France, Haiti, Mexico, & China. **

American Revolution (1775-1787): · Struggle to gain independence from the British rule. · Declaration of independence in 1776 marked the start of American independence. · American Revolution did not start because of social tensions, but because of the tight reign that the British held on the Americans. · American Revolution marked a decisive political change, but was also a conservative movement. · The higher people in class were really prominent politically, but there were also farmers that served politically too.



G: There was a lot of open land and resources. M: American military fought and withstood the British which gave them their freedoms and independence; aid from France. S: Native American’s were not respected and had their land taken away from them; led to a lot of struggles between natives vs. colonists. P: The American Revolution sparked major political change within the American colonies; led to the creation of their own government. White men were free, but women and blacks were thought of as lesser; wanted popular sovereignty and more personal freedoms. R: Religious tolerance was a goal of theirs. I: They had a lot of new ideas that went along with the enlightenment. T: Similar technology to Europe. E: There was a small class of wealthy gentlemen and they were prominent members of the community; less poverty and more economic opportunities.

Latin Revolution (1810-1825) · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The main reason for the Latin American revolution was because they were offended by the Spanish monarchies trying to exercise greater power over the colonies and to give them heavier taxes and tariffs. · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The people also knew about the ideas of popular sovereignty, republican government and personal liberties thanks to the enlightenment era. · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Unlike the American Revolution this only led to unorganized protest instead unification. · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Lasted longer than North America because there was a lot of separation due to race, class and religion. · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Spanish fought with each other too, over land and food. · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Instead of putting all their violence on the Europeans, they put it against each other. · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Many leaders were liberals who were influenced by the enlightenment. · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">It seemed so impossible to unite all of the Spanish colonies together.



<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">G: It was really hard to keep all of the colonies together because of the geographical obstacles; made communication difficult. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">M: There were independence movements led by Creole leaders like Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">S: There was lots of class division. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">P: They had a local self-government, but were more authoritarian. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">R: There were religious conflicts that kept them from uniting. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">I: undeveloped. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">T: Dependent on foreign technology and investment. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">E: Really high food prices which led to the struggles over getting land; high taxes

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Similarities

· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Both areas were fighting for their freedoms. · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Both wanted political change.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Differences: · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A lot of class division in Latin America, but not in North America · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">America was a lot more developed than the Latinos. · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">There was a lot of struggles within the Latino race, unlike in America · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Overall lack of unification in Latin America · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Latin Revolution took twice as long as the American revolution

__Causes:__
 * The French Revolution:[[image:http://www.solarnavigator.net/history/explorers_history/French_Revolution_Louis_XVI_Execution.jpg width="251" height="216" align="left" caption="The French employed the guillotine"]]**
 * There was an intense clash between the social classes
 * Unemployment spread rapidly throughout the lower class
 * The price of bread, an essential food item, rose rapidly
 * Meanwhile, the upper class was living in luxury
 * Aristocrats did not have to pay the crippling taxes while those of the lower class did
 * King Louis XVI was ineffectual and could not solve these issues
 * Unrest and desperation caused by all these factors was given direction by enlightenment ideas of the times

__Effects:__
 * Napoleon Bonaparte came to power and he went on to conquer numerous areas
 * The lands he took control of Bonaparte spread ideas of religious tolerance, the ending of fuedalism, and equality
 * Created a sense of nationalism in France
 * Inspired other revolutions

G: Crops were failing, causing food shortages M: The rebels broke into the Bastille and seized gunpowerder and arms S: There was a large gap between the rich and the poor seen in the aristocrats and peasants P: People who supported the revolution felt that the king was not solving their problems R: Roman Catholicism was the most common I: Enlightenment ideas T: The development of the guillotine to quickly execute traitors of the revolution E: Unemployment was high and the price of bread had sky-rocketed

Causes:
 * The Haitian Revolution:**
 * Partly inspired by the French Revolution
 * Unstable social structure between rich plantation owners, poor whites, free colored people, and slaves
 * Unequality spread unrest[[image:http://adiama.com/ancestralconnections/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/haitianrevzz.jpg width="223" height="293" align="right" caption="Haitian rebels hung those who opposed them"]]

Effects:
 * Slaves in Haiti were free and equal for the first time
 * Plantation system that had been relied upon crumble as previous owners were killed or left
 * Played a part in inspiring the abolitionist movement
 * Napoleon was defeated in Haiti and this in part persuaded him to sell the U.S. French teritories known as the Louisiana Purchase

G: Land was used to produce sugarcane M: Members of the revolt hung many white citizens S: Money as well as race divided the people P: After the revolution an entirely reformed country was established R: Christianity rooted itself here I: Ideas of enlightenment came over from Europe T: Profitable plantations had been built here E: The economy suffered when plantation owners lost power

Continuities:
 * Ideas of the Enlightenment period continued to spread

Changes:
 * Previous slaves were equal for the first time
 * The church was becoming less of an authority figure in politics
 * New ideas like equality reached across Europe

** Chinese revolution of 1911 ** Causes · A weak central government let foreign powers pretty much have their way with china and corruption within the government only upset the people more. · Military groups rebelled and in a short amount captured many cities and set up a military rule abolishing the rule of the emperor.

** Causes **

 * =====Corruption=====
 * poor farming
 * Poverty
 * civil unrest


 * Effects**
 * String of weak governments
 * yet some more corruption which was later reformed
 * weak constitution
 * U.S. intervention and backing
 * Economy suffed a bit
 * famous outlaws i.e. Pancho Villa
 * Saw George S. Patton's rise to fame.

G: much governmental controll, in and out of dictatorships M: many rebel groups/ rebel military created firm base army S: poor class revloted P: U.S. and foreign backing/ intervention I: Some enlightenment ideals took root T: repeating rifle played big part in hit and run tactics E: Economy suffered slightly