3F.++The+Slave+Trade

__**Unit 3: 1450-1750**__ Group 5: Steven M., Ryan J., Danielle C., and Jessica B. **Slave systems and slave trade**  a. Compare slavery with other coercive labor systems in the Americas  b. Analyze the impact slave systems had on Africa’s development 

 **Topic A: Compare slavery with other coercive labor systems in the Americas**

 Background Information on **Slavery**

__**Slavery**__ - Beginning as early as 1502, European slave traders shipped approximately 11-16 million slaves to the Americas  - Most slaves were African some were the captured Native Americans  - The continuing demand for African slave labor arose from the development of plantation agriculture  -[|Triangle Trade] from West Africa to Caribbean to Europe.  - Slaves were considered property  - Was especially prevalent in the southern British colonies in America and on plantations in Latin and South America <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Many slaves were sent to Brazil and the Caribbean <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Middle Passage was brutal <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Slaves were taken against their will. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Mostly worked on tobacco, sugar cane, and cotton plantations, females usually did more domestic work <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Slaves were seen as a resource to the plantation owners and a trade commodity to the slave traders <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Made development of new world profitable <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Later on slaves began to reproduce dropping the need for the importation of slaves from other countries to British North America <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">__**Type of Work/Conditions**__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Slaves had no choice of work they were to do <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Bad behavior was not tolerated; slaves were often beaten severely or to the death <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Sometimes slaves worked from sunrise to sunset with small if any breaks <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - They worked on plantations, fields, common housework cleaning or all three

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Slavery can be compared to <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Indentured Servitude…**

<span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">__**Indentured Service**__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- People were required to do four to seven years of work for free passage to the Americas <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Unlike slavery, indentured servants were granted their freedom after fulfilling their obligated service <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Initially originated after failing to force native people into slavery. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - The servants were often failures in Europe- criminals, political prisoners, orphans, and/or unemployed <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Strived to be independent farmers, land owners, etc… <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Some became prominent figures, however, most died from disease or overwork before gaining freedom <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Those that did survive usually found meager employment and ended up poor as beggars <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Commonly worked in the same areas of slaves

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Slavery can also be compared to <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Encomienda** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> in the Americas…

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">//Quick definition of// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">//**Encomienda**// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">//: A feudal system introduced by the Spanish when they conquered the Americas.//

<span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">__**Encomienda**__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-The Spanish Crown granted certain people (in the newly colonized Americas) a number of natives they were to be responsible for <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> -The grantees were usually conquistadors/soldiers, but could also have included women and native elites <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> -These people were to protect the natives, and teach them Spanish and the Catholic religion. In return they could use the natives as a labor force; or gain tribute in gold and other products <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - This system was originally created to help battered economies in the Caribbean. Later it became a system for the mining economies in areas such as Peru and Mexico

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Slavery can also be compared to <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Peonage…**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">//Quick definition of// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> //**Peonage:**// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">//It means being bound to someone in debt, similar to an indentured servant.//

<span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">__**Peonage**__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- A person is forced to pay off a loan by doing physical labor over a set period of time, or tasks completed <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Prevalent in the Americas since not many people had a lot of money <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Commonly referred to as “debt bondage” <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - No currency or items accepted for payment, only labor <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt_bondage

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Topic B: Analyze the impact slave systems had on Africa’s development** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> **Economically - Positive Affects** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> **-** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Became a part of the Atlantic trade network with Europe and the Americas <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Due to this linkage, Africa was a part of fast developing Europe <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Were given advanced technology such as guns and swords <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Portrayal of African slave trade

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Economically - Negative Affects** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Huge growth stunt compared to Europe and Asia <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Africa held 18% of world’s population in 1600, that percentage went down to 6% by 1900 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - After the slave trade ended, Africa’s economy collapsed <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - No investment in the productive capacities of African society <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - No technological advances due to Africa relying on European goods <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Fractured kingdoms fighting among each other <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Slave raiding among small states

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**General Affects** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Loss of young population (ages 15-25) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - No development of large empires in Africa <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Dangerous to live in large groups

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Social Effects** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Slavery strengthened the idea of gender inequality in Africa. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> -The Benin kingdom only forbade the export male slaves until eighteenth century. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> -This helped African civilizations continue to develop as patriarchal societies.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Technological Effects** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-As previously stated, African relied on European goods in exchange for slaves. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> -This provided a level of comfort. As a result, there was no competition and motivation for improving their technology. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> -Most African tribes today still continue to use weapons from other countries. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Some tribes still rely on old technology for hunting. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">African tribesman with a Russian made AK-47. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">